I-LIBOR, eyake yaba inombolo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali, izonyamalala emlandweni ngemva kukaJuni 2023 futhi ngeke isasetshenziselwa ukuboleka amanani.

Kusukela ngo-2022, imali ebolekiwe eshintshwayo yababolekisi bezindlu eziningi iboshelwe kunkomba - i-SOFR.

Ngabe i-SOFR iwathinta kanjani amanani emalimboleko antantayo?Kungani kufanele kusetshenziswe i-SOFR esikhundleni se-LIBOR?

Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi iyini ngempela i-SOFR nokuthi yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko ezikhathazayo lapho kubalwa amanani enzalo alungisekayo.

 

Izimalimboleko Zezindlu Ezishintshayo Zezinga Eliguquguqukayo (ARM)

Uma kubhekwa amanani enzalo aphezulu amanje, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukubolekwa imali eshintshwayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-ARM (Adjustable-Rate Mortgages).

Igama elithi “esingaguquguqukayo” lisho ukuthi izinga lenzalo liyashintsha phakathi neminyaka yokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko: Isilinganiso senzalo esingaguquki kuvunyelwana ngaso eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, kuyilapho izinga lenzalo leminyaka esele lilungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokuvamile njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. noma ngonyaka).

Isibonelo, i-5/1 ARM isho ukuthi izinga lenzalo ligxilile eminyakeni yokuqala engu-5 yenkokhelo futhi liyashintsha njalo ngonyaka ngemva kwalokho.

Phakathi nesigaba esintantayo, nokho, ukulungiswa kwezinga lenzalo nakho kuyahlanganiswa (amakepisi), isb. 5/1 ARM ngokuvamile ilandelwa inombolo enezinombolo ezintathu 2/1/5.

·U-2 ubhekisela kumkhawulo wokuqala wokulungiswa kwenzalo (ikhephu yokulungisa yokuqala).Uma izinga lakho lenzalo yokuqala yeminyaka emi-5 yokuqala liyi-6%, i-cap ngonyaka wesithupha ayikwazi ukudlula u-6% + 2% = 8%.

·U-1 ubhekisela kumkhawulo wokulungiswa kwesilinganiso senzalo ngakunye ngaphandle kweyokuqala (ikhephu yokulungiswa okulandelayo), okungukuthi umkhawulo ongu-1% wokulungiswa ngakunye kwezinga lenzalo kusukela onyakeni wesi-7.

·U-5 ubhekisela emkhawulweni ophezulu wokulungiswa kwezinga lenzalo phakathi naso sonke isikhathi semalimboleko (ikhephu yokulungisa impilo yonke), okusho ukuthi izinga lenzalo angeke lidlule ku-6% + 5% = 11% iminyaka engu-30.

Ngenxa yokuthi izibalo ze-ARM ziyinkimbinkimbi, ababoleki abangawazi ama-ARM bavame ukuwela emgodini!Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kubaboleki ukuthi baqonde indlela yokubala inani lenzalo eliguquguqukayo.

 

Yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko ze-SOFR ezikhathazayo lapho kubalwa izinga lokuntanta?

Ku-5/1 ARM, izinga lenzalo eligxilile leminyaka emi-5 yokuqala libizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sokuqala, futhi inzalo eqala onyakeni wesi-6 iyinkomba yenzalo enenkomba ephelele, ebalwa ngenkomba + imajini, lapho umkhawulo ilungisiwe futhi inkomba ngokuvamile iyisilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-30 se-SOFR.

Ngomkhawulo ongu-3% kanye nesilinganiso samanje sezinsuku ezingama-30 se-SOFR singu-4.06%, izinga lenzalo onyakeni wesi-6 lizoba ngu-7.06%.

Iyini ngempela le nkomba ye-SOFR?Ake siqale ngokuthi izikweletu eziguquguqukayo zenziwa kanjani.

ELondon ngeminyaka yawo-1960, lapho izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali likhuphuka ngamandla, awekho amabhange ayezimisele ukuboleka imali yesikhathi eside ngamanani amisiwe ngenxa yokuthi ayephakathi kokwenyuka kwamandla emali futhi kwakunengozi enkulu yokwehla kwezinga lenzalo.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, amabhange adale izikweletu eziguquguqukayo (ama-ARM).

Ngosuku ngalunye lokusetha kabusha, amalungu enhlangano ngayinye ahlanganisa izindleko zawo zokuboleka ngokulandelana kwazo njengereferensi yesilinganiso sokusetha kabusha, ukulungisa izinga lenzalo elikhokhiswayo ukuze libonise izindleko zezimali.

Futhi inkomba yalesi silinganiso sokusetha kabusha ithi LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), ovame ukuzwa ngayo - inkomba ekhonjwe ngokuphindaphindiwe esikhathini esidlule lapho kubalwa izilinganiso zenzalo ezilungisekayo.

Kuze kube ngu-2008, ngesikhathi sezinkinga zezimali, amanye amabhange ayemanqikanqika ukucaphuna amanani emalimboleko aphezulu ukuze avale eyawo inkinga yokuxhasa ngemali.

Lokhu kwadalula ubuthakathaka obukhulu be-LIBOR: I-LIBOR yagxekwa kakhulu ngokungabi nasisekelo sokwenza kwangempela kanye nokukhonjwa indlela kalula.Kusukela lapho, isidingo sokuboleka phakathi kwamabhange sehle kakhulu.

Ukusabela engcupheni yokunyamalala kwe-LIBOR, i-Federal Reserve yakha i-Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) ngo-2014 ukuze ithole inani elisha lereferensi elizothatha indawo ye-LIBOR.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi, i-ARRC ikhethe ngokusemthethweni i-Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) njengezinga lokumiselela ngoJuni 2017.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SOFR isekelwe esilinganisweni sobusuku bonke emakethe ye-repo esekelwe uMnyango Wezezimali, cishe abukho ubungozi bekhredithi;futhi ibalwa kusetshenziswa inani lentengo, okwenza kube nzima ukukhohlisa;ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SOFR iwuhlobo oluhweba kakhulu emakethe yemali, engabonisa kangcono izinga lezilinganiso zenzalo emakethe yoxhaso.

Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-2022, i-SOFR izosetshenziswa njengezinga lokubeka amanani emalimboleko enesilinganiso esintantayo.

 

Yiziphi izinzuzo zemalimboleko ye-mortgage yesilinganiso esishintshayo?

I-Federal Reserve okwamanje isemjikelezweni wokwenyuka kwezinga futhi amanani emali ebolekiwe yeminyaka engama-30 asemazingeni aphezulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kwehla kakhulu, i-Federal Reserve izongena emjikelezweni wokunciphisa izinga lenzalo futhi amanani emali mboleko azobuyela kumazinga ajwayelekile.

Uma izilinganiso zenzalo yemakethe zehla ngokuzayo, ababoleki bangakwazi ukwehlisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhokha futhi bazuze ezilinganisweni zenzalo eziphansi ngaphandle kokukhokha kabusha ngokukhetha imali mboleko yesilinganiso esilungisekayo.

Ukwengeza, imalimboleko yesilinganiso esishintshayo futhi ngokuvamile inezilinganiso zenzalo eziphansi ngesikhathi sokuzinikela kunezinye izimali mboleko zesikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.

Ngakho-ke esimweni samanje, ukubolekwa kwesilinganiso esiguquguqukayo kungaba yisinqumo esihle.