Kungani iPrime Rate ibaluleke kangaka ezingqondweni zamabhange'?
10/10/2022
Umsuka Wesilinganiso Esiyinhloko
Ngaphambi Kokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, amanani okuboleka imali e-US ayekhululiwe, futhi ibhange ngalinye lazibekela isilinganiso salo sokuboleka ngokucabangela izindleko zezimali, amaphrimiyamu engcuphe, nezinye izici.
Ngo-1929, i-US yangena ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kwezomnotho - njengoba umnotho wase-US wawuwohloka, amabhizinisi avalwa ngamanani amakhulu, nemali yezakhamuzi yehla.
Ngakho-ke, ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo semali kuvele emakethe, futhi inani lamabhizinisi afanelekela ukukweletwa kanye nabamukeli bekhredithi yekhwalithi lehla ngokushesha.Kodwa-ke, imboni yamabhange yayinemali eningi futhi yayidinga ukuthola indawo yokutshala imali.
Ukuze kugcinwe inani lemali mboleko, amanye amabhange okuhweba aqala ukwehlisa ngamabomu izindinganiso zezikweletu, ezinye izinkampani ezingasebenzi kahle nazo zafakwa eqenjini elihlosiwe lemali mboleko, amabhange aqhudelana namakhasimende ezinkampani aze aqala nokunikeza izaphulelo zenani lenzalo.
Umphumela wenkokhelo yasebhange uholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwempahla engasebenzi njengoba amabhange aneketanga lemali ephukile efadalala, okubhebhethekisa ukwehla komnotho.
Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuncintisana okunonya phakathi kwamabhange kanye nokulawula imakethe yokonga nokubolekwa kwemali, i-Federal Reserve yethule inani lezinyathelo, enye yazo okuyizinga eliyinhloko lokuboleka - i-Prime Rate.
Le nqubomgomo ikhuthaza ukumiswa kwesilinganiso senzalo esisodwa sokulinganisa ukuze sisebenze njengezinga lenzalo elincane lemalimboleko, futhi amabhange kufanele abolekise ngamanani angaphezu kwaleli zinga eliphelele lokuboleka ukuze kuzinzise uhlelo lwemakethe.
Ibalwa kanjani i-Prime Rate?
I-Loan Prime Rate (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi i-LPR), izinga lenzalo amabhange entengiso alikhokhisa ngemalimboleko kumakhasimende awo ngezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zezikweletu - laba babolekisi abafaneleka kakhulu ukukweletwa ngokuvamile ngezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu.
Ngawo-1930, ekuqaleni kwe-Wall Street Journal, i-LPR yabalwa ngokukala izingcaphuno ezingama-22-23 ezivela emabhange amakhulu angama-30 e-United States, akhethwa ngokwemithetho yokunquma i-LPR yemakethe, futhi yashicilelwa njalo. kushicilelo lwephepha lwe-Wall Street Journal, futhi le Prime Rate eshicilelwe imele umkhawulo ophansi wawo wonke amanani okuboleka emakethe.
Indlela yokunquma izinga le-LPR yavela cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili: Ekuqaleni, amabhange amaningi acaphuna I-Federal Funds Target Rate (FFTR) lapho amabhange enezinga eliphezulu lenkululeko yokulawula izilinganiso zenzalo.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-1994, i-Federal Reserve yavumelana namabhange okuhweba ukuthi i-LPR izothatha uhlobo lokulungiswa okugcwele kwesilinganiso esihlosiwe sezimali zombuso, ifomula ithi Prime Rate = Federal Funds Target Rate + 300 basis points.
Lawa maphuzu angu-300 ayinani eliphakathi nendawo, okusho ukuthi ukusabalala phakathi kwe-Prime Rate kanye ne-Federal Funds Rate kuvunyelwe ukuguquguquka kancane ngaphezu nangaphansi kwamaphoyinti angu-300.Esikhathini esiningi kusukela ngo-1994, lokhu kusabalala kube phakathi kwamaphoyinti angu-280 kanye nama-320.
Kusukela ngo-2008, njengoba umkhakha wamabhange ugxila kakhulu futhi amabhange amaningi empeleni elawulwa yidlanzana lamabhange, inani lamabhange asohlwini lwe-LPR lehliswa laya eshumini, lapho amanani e-LPR ashicilelwe ku-Wall Street ashintsha lapho amanani aphambili. yamabhange ayisikhombisa ashintshiwe.
Ngokwethulwa kwalolu hlelo lwekhotheshini, amabhange ezentengiselwano acishe alahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuzimela kwawo ekulungiseni i-Prime Rate.
Kungani kufanele ngikhathalele i-Prime Rate?
I-Prime Rate, eshicilelwe yi-Wall Street Journal, iyinkomba yamazinga enzalo e-US futhi isetshenziswa njengenani eliyisisekelo ngamabhange angaphezu kuka-70%.
Izilinganiso zenzalo emalini ebolekiwe yabathengi ngokuvamile yakhelwe phezu kwalesi silinganiso esiyinhloko, futhi lapho lesi silinganiso sishintsha, abathengi abaningi bazobona izinguquko kuzilinganiso zenzalo kumakhadi esikweletu, imalimboleko yezimoto, nezinye izimali mboleko zabathengi.
Sisanda kuphawula ukuthi ukubalwa kwenani eliyinhloko kuthathwe ku-Federal Funds Target Rate + 300 basis points, futhi “i-Federal Funds Target Rate” “Inzalo” ye-Fed ekunyukeni kwezinga elikhulayo kulo nyaka.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-Fed inyuse amanani okwesithathu ngoSepthemba ngamaphuzu angu-75, izinga eliyinhloko likhuphuke laya ku-3% laya ku-3.25% futhi yengeza u-3% owengeziwe wesilinganiso esiyinhloko ngokuyisisekelo ubuncane obuncane bamanje bezinga lokuboleka emakethe.
Umthombo wesithombe: https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms
NgoLwesine, uFreddie Mac ubike isilinganiso seminyaka engu-30 semali ebolekiwe esingaguquki esiyisilinganiso esingu-6.7% - esingaphezu kwesilinganiso sethu sezinga eliyinhloko.
Ukubala okungenhla futhi kusinika ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi umthelela wokwenyuka kwenani udluliselwe kanjani ngokushesha emakethe yezindlu ezibolekiwe.
Izinguquko ezilinganisweni eziyinhloko zizophinde zibe nomthelela oqondile kwezinye izikweletu zezindlu, njengemalimboleko eshintshayo, elungiswayo minyaka yonke, kanye Nemalimboleko Yezindlu Zokulingana (HELOCs), eboshelwe ngqo esilinganisweni esiyinhloko.
Njengoba sesizwile “impilo yangaphambilini” yezinga eliyinhloko, kuwusizo kakhulu ngathi ukuqapha inkambiso yesilinganiso semali ebolekwayo, futhi uma sibheka inqubomgomo yokwenyuka kwezinga eqhubekayo ye-Fed, abathenga izindlu abanezidingo zezikweletu kufanele baqale kusenesikhathi ukuze bagweme ukuphuthelwa isikhathi esihle sokuthola usizo. isilinganiso esiphansi.
Isitatimende: Lesi sihloko sihlelwe ngabakwa-AAA LENDINGS;ezinye zezithombe zithathwe ku-inthanethi, indawo yesayithi ayimelwe futhi ngeke iphinde iphrintwe ngaphandle kwemvume.Kukhona ubungozi emakethe futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kuqaphe.Lesi sihloko asihlanganisi iseluleko somuntu siqu sokutshala izimali, futhi asicabangi izinjongo ezithile zokutshala izimali, isimo sezezimali noma izidingo zabasebenzisi ngabanye.Abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele ukuthi noma imiphi imibono, imibono noma iziphetho eziqukethwe lapha zifanele isimo sabo esithile.Tshala imali ngokufanele ngokuzifaka engozini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2022